1. See, for example, William Smith Murray, The Making of the Balkan States (New York: 1910). The concluding sentence of Murray's book is: "It may be said then the present situation in relation to Macedonia, as well as to Serbia, presents the problems that now appear most likely to disturb the tranquility of one or more of the Balkan states" (p. 194).
2. See Charles Jelavich, Czarist Russia and Balkan Nationalism, Russian Influence in the Internal Affairs of Bulgaria and Serbia: 1879-1886 (Berkeley: 1958), p. 1.

3. See RJ Crampton, A Short History of Bulgaria (Cambridge: University Press, 1987), p. 50.

4. See CA Vavoukos, Greek Macedonia's Struggle for Freedom (Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies, 1973), p. 32.

5. See LS Stavrianos, Balkan Federation, A History of the Movement Toward Balkan Unity in Modern Times (Wisconsin: 1944), pp. 176-179.

6. See LS Stavrianos, The Balkans, 1815-1914 (New York: 1963), p. U8.

7. See William B King and Frank O'Brien, The Balkans, Frontier of Two Worlds (New York: Alfred A Knoft, 1947), p. 273.

8. For discussions on the Macedonian language, see Elisabeth Barker, Macedonia Its Place in Balkan Power Politics (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1950), p. 10, and H Munro Chadwich, The Nationalities in Europe and the Growth of National Ideologies (Cambridge: 1966), p. 32. See also Nationalism and War in the Near East, edited by Lord Courtney of Penwith, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Oxford: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1915), p. 89: "This dialect is rather more Bulgar than Serb, but lacks the most distinctive Bulgar characteristics, and the same might be said of their character." See also Jacob Gould Schurman, The Balkan Wars 1912-1913 (Princeton, Princeton University Press: 1914), p. 90: "Central Macedonia has its own dialects any of which under happy literary auspices might have developed into a separate language." It would then reasonably be claimed that the Macedonian language had already existed long before the establishment of the Socialist Federal Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in 1944.

9. For the ethnic origin of Macedonians, see LS Stavrianos, The Balkans, 1815-1914, pp. 96-97: "Those inhabitants of Macedonia who have lived close to the Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian frontiers can be classified as being mostly Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian, respectively. The remainder of the population, with the exception of distinct minorities as Turks, Vlachs, Jews and Albanians may be considered as being distinctly Macedonian. These Macedonians have a dialect and certain cultural characteristics which justify their being classified as a distinct South Slav group."

10. See Brailsford, Macedonia, Its Races and Their Future (London: Methuen, 1906), p. 101, and Robert Lee Wolff, The Balkans in Our Time (New York: The Norton Library, 1967) p.18: "It is now generally agreed that the indigenous [Macedonian] population is neither Serbian nor Bulgarian, but speaks a dialect somewhere between the two." See also Yugoslavia, The Nations of Today, edited by John Buchan (Boston and New York: Houghton and Mifflin Company, 1923), p. 70: "According to a probable view the main population is itself neither Bulgar nor Serb, but is descended from a Slav tribe, akin to both, but identical with neither."

11. See Stephen Ladas, The Exchange of Minorities, Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1932), p. 9.

12. See Macedonia, History and Politics, Center for Macedonians Abroad - Society for Macedonian Studies (Athens: Ekdotike Athenon SA, undated).

13. See Brailsford, op. cit., pp. 194 et seq.

14. See NGL Hammond, A History of Greece, (Oxford: 1967) p. 535.

15. See Brailsford, op. cit., pp. 91-92.

16. See JB Bury and Russell Meiggs, in A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great, (London: 1989), p. 441.

17. See AR Burn, The Penguin History of Greece (Harmondsworth, Penguin: 1985), pp. 334-335.

18. See Ibid.

19. See JB Bury, A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great, 3rd ed. (New York: St. Martin Press, 1966), p. 704-705.

20. See The Greeks, edited by H Lloyd Jones (London: AC Wath Co. Ltd, 1962), p. 235.

21. See SR Hamilton, Alexander the Great (London: Hutchinson University Library, 1973), p. 23.

22. See A Jarde, The Formation of the Greek People (New York: Copper Square Publishers Inc, 1970) p. 70: "For the Greeks of the fifth century, the Illyrians were barbarians, just like the Macedonians" and pp. 324-327: "If the Macedonians were regarded as barbarians, it was because the Greeks did not understand their language."

23. See Arnold Toynbee, Some Problems in Greek History, (London: Oxford University Press, 1969) p. 58.

24. See The New Bully of the Balkans, The Spectator, August 15, 1992.

25. See Greek Lands in History, Macedonia, 4000 Years of Greek History and Civilization, General Editor: MB Sakellariou, Member of the Academy of Athens (Athens: Ekdotike Athenon SA, 1988), p. 503 and p. 513.

26. Source: League of Nations, Greek Refugee Settlement, Geneva, 1926.
27. Facts are taken from Minority Rights Group, Minorities in the Balkans, London, 1989.

28. See Nikolaos K Martis, The Falsification of Macedonian History (Athens: 1984), p. 84. This book was a best-seller in Greece in the 1992 summer.

29. Excerpts from the interview Christos Sideropoulos gave to ENA magazine, March 1992.

30. See Makedonia, Greek daily, April 4, 1991.

31. See Stohos, January 18, 1990.

32. For the Bulgarian view of the Macedonian Question, see Professor Heinrich A Stammer, What is the National Character of the Macedonian Slavs? (Brochure, JMRO - Union of The Macedonian Brotherhood in Bulgaria: 1991).

33. See Minority Rights Group Report.

34. See Minority Rights Group Report.

35. See Kofos, Macedonia: National Heritage and National Identity, in Martin Blinkhorn and Thanos Veremis, ed., Modern Greece, Nationalism and Nationality (Athens: Eliamep, 1990), p. 113.

36. See Kofos, Macedonia: National Heritage and National Identity, in Kofos & Blinhorn, Ibid, p. 113.

37. See Le Monde, Interview by Jean-Claude Buhrer, June 28, 1992.

38. See Stephen Palmer and Robert R King, Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question (Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, 1971), p. 173.

39. See Constantine Stephanove (Secretary of the General Macedonian Council in Switzerland), We The Macedonians (Berne: Librairie Academique, 1919), pp. 3-4. The Greek-Serbian partition plans of Macedonia date back to the mid-19th century. For this, see Barbara Jelavich, History of the Balkans Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Volume 1 (Cambridge: University Press, 1983), p. 333: "Neither government [Serbian and Greek] was hindered by any ideas of "self-determination" ... The Greek government wished to acquire all of Macedonia and suggested a partition of the Bulgarian-inhabited territories with Serbia taking the land north of the Balkan mountains and Greece that to the south..."

40. See Jane Pettifer, "The New Macedonian Question", International Affairs, July 1992, pp. 475-485.

41. See Vreme, March 30, 1992.

42. See Martin Sieff, "Strange Alliance Closes in", The Washington Times, May 17, 1992.

43. See Tanjug, June 25, 1992.

44. See Helena Smith, "The Legacy of Alexander", The New Statesmen, January 15, 1993: "Across the normally divided political spectrum, the growth of nationalism has fueled the archeolatria, love for the ancient. It seems that it is not simply only a "love of the ancients", but a more deeper psychological problem of a nation, that is, fixation with the archaic past, to create justification for an unreal world."

45. See Kresimir Moller and Mirjana Glusac, "Slovenians Reveal Serb Plans to Invade Macedonia", as appeared in the Macedonian Tribune, Volume 66, No. 3136, December 31, 1992.

46. See Richard Kaplan, "Macedonia Next?", The Nation, December 14, 1992: "The riots occurring on the eve of Macedonia President Kiro Gligorov's visit in November to the USA to renew his appeal for recognition may have been provoked by Albanians from Kosovo with the help of Serbian intelligence."

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